At the core of these advancements lies the concept of tokenization — a fundamental process that dictates how user inputs are interpreted, processed and ultimately billed. Understanding tokenization is ...

Abstract: Protograph-based Raptor-like (PBRL) LDPC codes, adopted in the 5G NR eMBB data channel, support a wide range of code rates by generating incremental redundancy through XOR operations. As the ...

Abstract: The article discusses the development and study of a new matrix-based hybrid genetic algorithm (MBHGA) for solving an agent-based model of firms’ behavior with controlled trade interactions.